HowTo
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| = HowTos = | = Howtos = |
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| 1. [[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kG2Vum24iQc | HOWTO Get Involved with the Ubuntu GNOME Team]]. 1. [[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UG_EjscshFo | HOWTO Get the Best out of the Ubuntu GNOME Wiki Area]]. 1. [[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0Vfgk86MYv0 | HOWTO Create a Wiki Page]]. |
1. [[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kG2Vum24iQc | Howto Get Involved with the Ubuntu GNOME Team]]. 1. [[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UG_EjscshFo | Howto Get the Best out of the Ubuntu GNOME Wiki Area]]. 1. [[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0Vfgk86MYv0 | Howto Create a Wiki Page]]. |
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| == Ubuntu GNOME Basic HowTos == | == Ubuntu GNOME Basic Howtos == |
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| Adding software in '''Ubuntu''' is really simple, easy and fast, which is one of the advantages the operating system has over other distributions. To add software in '''Ubuntu GNOME'''... | Adding software in '''Ubuntu''' is really simple, easy and fast, which is one of the advantages the operating system has over other distributions. To add software in '''Ubuntu GNOME''': |
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| 1. Click '''Install''' to install an application on your hard disk. | 1. Click '''Install''' to install an application on your hard disk drive. |
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| If you want to install a more obscure package, you will need to do some simple work in '''Terminal'''. A good place to start learning about this is on the [[https://help.ubuntu.com/community/AptGet/Howto?action=show&redirect=AptGetHowto | AptGet HOWTO page.]] |
If you want to install a more obscure package, you will need to do some simple work in '''Terminal'''. A good place to start learning about this is on the [[https://help.ubuntu.com/community/AptGet/Howto?action=show&redirect=AptGetHowto | AptGet Howto page.]] |
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| Installing software from a `.deb` file is not normally necessary, but it can make life easier at times. For example, a newer version of your favourite application is available on the developer's official site in a .deb package, but not in the repositories of '''Ubuntu'''. Installing from a .deb file can be accomplished several ways in '''Ubuntu GNOME'''. ==== Use Terminal ==== |
Installing software from a `.deb` file is not normally necessary, but it can make life easier at times. For example, a newer version of your favourite application is available on the developer's official site in a .deb package, but not in the repositories of '''Ubuntu'''. Installing from a `.deb` file can be accomplished several ways in '''Ubuntu GNOME'''. ==== Via Terminal ==== |
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| ==== Use Ubuntu Software Center ==== To install software from a `.deb` file using '''Ubuntu Software Center''', simply double click on the `.deb` file. '''Ubuntu Software Center''' will handle the installation for you. |
==== Via Ubuntu Software Center ==== To install software from a `.deb` file via '''Ubuntu Software Center''', simply double click on the `.deb` file. '''Ubuntu Software Center''' will handle the installation for you. |
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| Installing Java (JRE and JDK) is one of the first things that many developers will want to do. While OpenJDK works 99% of the time, some may want true Oracle Java. For those people, the [[https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Java | Ubuntu community Java Documentation]] will be a good place to start reading. |
Installing Java (JRE and JDK) is one of the first things that many developers will want to do. While OpenJDK works 99% of the time, some may want true Oracle Java. For those people, the [[https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Java | Ubuntu Community Java Documentation]] will be a good place to start reading. |
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'''OpenJDK''' can be installed using '''Ubuntu Software Center''' or '''Terminal'''. |
'''OpenJRE''' or '''OpenJDK''' can be installed via '''Ubuntu Software Center''' or '''Terminal'''. |
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| == Advanced == | == Ubuntu GNOME Advanced Howto == |
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| ==== Mount a USB flash drive using the command-line ==== | ==== Mount a USB flash drive via Terminal ==== |
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| When using the graphical user inteface of '''Ubuntu GNOME''', you can easily mount and then use a USB flash drive by plugging it in one of your computer's USB ports. In some special cases this task can be done using the command-line. Use the following command to mount a device: | Via the graphical user inteface of '''Ubuntu GNOME''' you can easily mount and then use a USB flash drive by plugging it in one of your computer's USB ports. In some special cases this task can be done throughout the command-line (via '''Terminal'''). Run the following command to mount a device: |
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| Where `sdb1` stands for the plugged in the USB port device. In '''Ubuntu''' in general IDE devices (old hard disks) are named under the `/dev` (devices) directory in this way: `hda` is your first installed hard disk and `hda1` is its first partition, `hdb` is your second hard disk and `hdb1` is its first partition, etc. SATA and SCSI devices' (like USB flash drives) names are generated `sda` for your first hard drive (or other device) and `sda1` for its first partition, etc. In the example `sdb1` is the partition of the first plugged in USB flash drive (because `sda1` is for the hard disk). If you plug in one more USB flash drive, its name will be `sdc1`, etc. | Where `sdb1` stands for the plugged in the USB port device. But what does actually `sdb1` mean? * `hda` – the first installed IDE device (hard disk drive) * `hda1` – the first partition of the `hda` device * `hda2` – the second partition of the `hda` device, etc. * `hdb` – the second installed IDE device (hard disk drive) * `hdb1` – the first partition of the `hdb` device, etc. * `sda` – the first installed SCSI device (SATA hard disk drive or USB flash drive) * `sda1` – the first partition of the `sda` device, etc. If you have only one SCSI device installed (SATA hard disk drive), its generated name is probably `sda` and your '''Ubuntu GNOME''' working partition is `sda1`. When you insert a USB flash drive in the USB port of your computer (e.g. it is another SCSI device), its name will be `sdb` and its working partition's name will be `sdb1`. If you add one more USB flash drive its names will be `sdc` for the device and `sdc1` for its working partition respectively. |
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| ==== Unmount a USB flash drive via Terminal ==== To unmount a USB flash drive via '''Terminal''', run the following command: |
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| === Change File Permissions === | * {{{sudo umount /dev/sdb1}}} ==== Format a USB flash drive via Terminal ==== Most USB flash drives are formatted under the FAT32 filesystem. To format a USB flash drive in FAT32 via '''Terminal''' run the following command: |
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| When you start compiling source code, or even downloading .JAR files that you want to execute, you will need to learn to change file permissions. File permissions simply tell your computer who is allowed to do what to a certain file or folder in the file system. To learn more about permissions have a read on [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filesystem_permissions#Traditional_Unix_permissions | Wikipedia]]. | * {{{sudo mkdosfs -n 'Label' -I /dev/sdb1 -F 32}}} === Change file permissions === When you start compiling source code, or even downloading `.JAR` files that you want to execute, you will need to learn to change file permissions. File permissions simply tell your computer who is allowed to do what to a certain file or folder in the file system. To learn more about permissions have a read on [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filesystem_permissions#Traditional_Unix_permissions | Wikipedia]]. ==== Via GUI ==== For most beginner users, changing permissions via the graphics user interface (GUI) is the easiest. To do this, simply right click on the file whose permissions you want to change, and switch to the '''Permissions''' tab. From here, you can change individual users', groups', and others' read and write permissions, as well as allow the execution of the file as a program. ==== Via Terminal ==== In order to proceed, you will need to have an adequate understanding of both '''symbolic''' and '''numeric''' permissions notations. There is an in depth but brief explanation of this on [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filesystem_permissions#Notation_of_traditional_Unix_permissions | Wikipedia]]. |
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| ==== Via GUI ==== For most beginner users, changing permissions via the GUI is the easiest. To do this, simply right click on the file whose permissions you want to change, and switch to the '''Permissions''' tab. From here, you can change individual users', groups', and others' read and write permissions, as well as allow the execution of the file as a program. ==== Via The Terminal ==== In order to proceed, you will need to have an adequate understanding of both '''symbolic''' and '''numeric''' permissions notations. There is an in depth but brief explanation of this on [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filesystem_permissions#Notation_of_traditional_Unix_permissions | Wikipedia]] To change file permissions via the terminal, first navigate to your target using |
To change file permissions via '''Terminal''', first navigate to your target by running: |
Howtos
Table of Contents |
Wiki Specific
Ubuntu GNOME Basic Howtos
Bring up the GNOME Shell
It is intuitive, but this is the most important task for the novice users. Click on Activities in the top left corner of the screen or press the Super key (previously known as Windows key) to bring up the GNOME Shell. This is the place where you can see your open windows, change workspaces and, of course, search for and run your favourite applications.
Change your desktop background (wallpaper)
Right-click on the desktop and select Change Background.... You can also bring up the GNOME Shell and search for Background to open the Background system settings' window.
Choose a wallpaper included in Ubuntu GNOME, select your own wallpaper from the Pictures folder or pick a solid color for your background or lock screen.
Change the theme and fonts to customize the look of Ubuntu GNOME
A lot of the appeal of Ubuntu in general is its flexibility. One of the most obvious ways to customize a operating system is through its look. You can do this by changing the theme and fonts.
Theme
To change the theme, it is best to use GNOME Tweak Tool – an application which is included by default in the Ubuntu GNOME installation. If not, you can install it from the Software Center or throughout the command-line (by running sudo apt-get install gnome-tweak-tool in Terminal).
Once you have GNOME Tweak Tool installed, bring up the GNOME Shell and search for Tweak Tool. Then run the application and select the Theme tab. All the theme settings can be changed here (desktop theme, cursor theme, icon theme, etc.). Many more themes than the ones on the list are available for download. GNOME-Look.org is a great place to look for more themes.
Fonts
All font settings are available in the Fonts tab – here you can not only change system fonts, but hinting and antialiasing, too.
Change your system settings
Bring up the GNOME Shell and search for System Settings.
- Here you can change your personal, hardware or system settings. Click on an item to open its settings.
Software Management
Install software
Adding software in Ubuntu is really simple, easy and fast, which is one of the advantages the operating system has over other distributions. To add software in Ubuntu GNOME:
Bring up the GNOME Shell and search for Ubuntu Software Center.
- Select from hundreds of free or paid applications.
Click Install to install an application on your hard disk drive.
If you want to install a more obscure package, you will need to do some simple work in Terminal. A good place to start learning about this is on the AptGet Howto page.
Install software from a .deb file
Installing software from a .deb file is not normally necessary, but it can make life easier at times. For example, a newer version of your favourite application is available on the developer's official site in a .deb package, but not in the repositories of Ubuntu. Installing from a .deb file can be accomplished several ways in Ubuntu GNOME.
Via Terminal
To install a single .deb package, run the following command:
sudo dpkg -i package-name-here.deb
OR
sudo dpkg --install package-name-here.deb
To install several .deb packages from the same directory run the following command:
sudo dpkg -i -R /path/to/dir/name/with/lots/of/dot-deb-files/
OR
sudo dpkg -i --recursive /path/to/dir/name/with/lots/of/dot-deb-files/
Via Ubuntu Software Center
To install software from a .deb file via Ubuntu Software Center, simply double click on the .deb file. Ubuntu Software Center will handle the installation for you.
Install Java
Installing Java (JRE and JDK) is one of the first things that many developers will want to do. While OpenJDK works 99% of the time, some may want true Oracle Java. For those people, the Ubuntu Community Java Documentation will be a good place to start reading.
Install Oracle Java
The easiest way to install the latest version of Oracle Java on your machine is by using the Web Upd8 personal package archive (PPA).
Open Terminal and run the following commands:
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:webupd8team/java
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install oracle-java7-installer
Install OpenJRE and OpenJDK
OpenJRE or OpenJDK can be installed via Ubuntu Software Center or Terminal.
Open Terminal and run the following command to install OpenJRE:
sudo apt-get install openjdk-7-jre
Open Terminal and run the following command to install OpenJDK:
sudo apt-get install openjdk-7-jdk
Ubuntu GNOME Advanced Howto
Device Management
Mount a USB flash drive via Terminal
Via the graphical user inteface of Ubuntu GNOME you can easily mount and then use a USB flash drive by plugging it in one of your computer's USB ports. In some special cases this task can be done throughout the command-line (via Terminal). Run the following command to mount a device:
sudo mount /dev/sdb1 /media/Label
Where sdb1 stands for the plugged in the USB port device. But what does actually sdb1 mean?
hda – the first installed IDE device (hard disk drive)
hda1 – the first partition of the hda device
hda2 – the second partition of the hda device, etc.
hdb – the second installed IDE device (hard disk drive)
hdb1 – the first partition of the hdb device, etc.
sda – the first installed SCSI device (SATA hard disk drive or USB flash drive)
sda1 – the first partition of the sda device, etc.
If you have only one SCSI device installed (SATA hard disk drive), its generated name is probably sda and your Ubuntu GNOME working partition is sda1. When you insert a USB flash drive in the USB port of your computer (e.g. it is another SCSI device), its name will be sdb and its working partition's name will be sdb1. If you add one more USB flash drive its names will be sdc for the device and sdc1 for its working partition respectively.
You can change Label with the name you want your mounted device to appear in the /media folder.
Unmount a USB flash drive via Terminal
To unmount a USB flash drive via Terminal, run the following command:
sudo umount /dev/sdb1
Format a USB flash drive via Terminal
Most USB flash drives are formatted under the FAT32 filesystem. To format a USB flash drive in FAT32 via Terminal run the following command:
sudo mkdosfs -n 'Label' -I /dev/sdb1 -F 32
Change file permissions
When you start compiling source code, or even downloading .JAR files that you want to execute, you will need to learn to change file permissions. File permissions simply tell your computer who is allowed to do what to a certain file or folder in the file system. To learn more about permissions have a read on Wikipedia.
Via GUI
For most beginner users, changing permissions via the graphics user interface (GUI) is the easiest. To do this, simply right click on the file whose permissions you want to change, and switch to the Permissions tab. From here, you can change individual users', groups', and others' read and write permissions, as well as allow the execution of the file as a program.
Via Terminal
In order to proceed, you will need to have an adequate understanding of both symbolic and numeric permissions notations. There is an in depth but brief explanation of this on Wikipedia.
To change file permissions via Terminal, first navigate to your target by running:
cd /path/to/your/file/
Then,
sudo chmod 0### yourfile.extension
where ### are replaced with the appropriate permissions for your needs.
UbuntuGNOME/HowTo (last edited 2015-12-27 07:35:36 by 121)