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This is Alan Pope with the twelfth screencast in the Ubuntu Month of Screencasts.

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All the screencasts in the month can be downloaded for free from our website,

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which is screencasts.ubuntu.com

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In this screencast we are going to look at installing and removing applications

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and also managing our sources.

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So the first thing we are going to look at is software sources

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and I'm using version 7.04 for this screencast.

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Under System -> Administration -> Software Sources,

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is an application which can show us and allow us to maintain

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the software sources that our local Ubuntu system is aware of,

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this is where we can download software from.

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Unlike other platforms, most of our software in Ubuntu

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can be obtained from one central location.

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The central location is actually grouped into a number of sections

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main, universe, restricted and multiverse,

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depending upon certain restrictions

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and the supportability of the software within those repositories

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We can switch on and switch off these little tick boxes in software sources.

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and what this does is make available to us the software in those repositories

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or not if we turn the tick box off.

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So at the top we have the main repository, which is where the core applications reside

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and these applications are supported by Canonical.

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Then we have the universe, restricted and multiverse repositories,

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which contain further applications.

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There are many applications in the universe repository for example.

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We can also tick this box to allow us to download the source code for the applications

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and we can choose where the server is located, that we want to download from,

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makes sense to choose the nearest one to us.

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We can also make CD-ROMs known to the system,

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so we can apply packages from repositories that reside on CD.

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And we can do that with this Add CD-ROM button,

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under the third party software tab.

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We can also add third party repositories, we'll look at that later.

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As well as new software there are updates,

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which we get notified with the little orange icon in the corner of the screen.

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So we have a number of repositories here

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and updates that can be downloaded.

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And we'll look at updates in another screencast.

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When I close this box,

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if I have made any changes in either the updates

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or the Ubuntu software tab or added any third party repositories,

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we get the dialog box asking us to update.

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And this is what we call and update,

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it goes to find out what's in those repositories.

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So now that I have my software sources configured,

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I'm ready to start adding software.

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There's two main ways to install software, using the menu.

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Under the Applications menu there is Add/Remove...

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This is what I will show you in just a moment.

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And there is a subset of all the applications we can install, within there.

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If you look under System -> Administration, there's the Synaptic Package Manager,

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which has the full list of all the software we could install,

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that's known in the repositories.

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We'll come back to that in just a minute.

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So starting with Add/Remove Applications.

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Here you can see that it wants to go and get a list of applications

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from the repository, again.

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So unlike other platforms where we have to go and find applications on websites,

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with the Add/Remove Applications and Synaptic,

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the applications kind of come to us, as it were.

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Here you can see the applications are grouped or categorized

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So if we just want to install games, we click Games

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and you can see here a list of games.

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If we're a programmer and we want to install developer tools,

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we hit Programming,

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and so on.

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You can see that at the top right-hand corner of the window,

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there is a further selection to show different categories of applications,

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whether they are supported by Ubuntu

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or whether they are third party applications

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or whether they are already installed.

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You can see here graphical applications that are already installed

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and you can indeed see where they are on the menu.

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And here are some games that are already installed.

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If we choose all available applications or all open source applications,

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it shows us different sets of the applications available,

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gives us a different view of the applications available.

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Choosing "Third party applications" and choosing the category "All",

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you can see there are some third party products here.

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For example the popular Opera web browser,

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we could install through this Add/Remove Applications.

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As you can see there are quite a few applications that we can install

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and this isn't even the full list.

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So let's do a search for an application.

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In the box at the top of the window we can type in the name

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or part of a name or part of the description of an application.

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I happen to know there is a desktop publishing package called Scribus,

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which I might want to install.

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And by typing scribus in, it shows us two versions of Scribus.

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One is the development branch,

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which will be a newer possibly unstable version of Scribus

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and the other one is the stable version of Scribus,

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which we might prefer to install.

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As I said you can search on the name of the application

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or you can search on the description.

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If I hit the little tick next to the application,

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it ticks that and flags it to be installed.

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and if I click Apply, it will then install that application.

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I can show you that we can do a search in a different way.

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If I search for publish or publishing,

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to look for a desktop publishing application.

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there's another one that shows up.

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So if I didn't know the name of the application,

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I could search for a description or a descriptive word.

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Or I could use the categories on the left-hand side to filter.

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You can tick multiple applications.

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Now some applications reside in a repository for restricted software

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and you get a warning whenever you're installing software

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from this restricted or multiverse repository

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and you can choose whether you want to install or not.

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If you cancel then the box gets unticked.

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If you choose to install then it will allow you to install that package.

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So if I click Apply it's going to install Scribus and Xara Xtreme,

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these two applications.

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It gives me a summary first of all, to show me what it's going to do.

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And I hit Apply.

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It now downloads the package

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and any dependencies that are required by those packages,

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which is a very useful feature.

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And then starts installing all of the packages.

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And it installs them in the right order to make sure dependencies are fulfilled

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before the applications are installed.

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There, done.

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When I hit the details tab, you can see information

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about the applications that have been installed.

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There's Xara and Scribus at the very bottom of that window.

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Most people don't view that, so we'll just hit closed.

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And when we do that we get a summary of

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where the applications have been installed on the menu.

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So you can see here we'll find Xara Xtreme and Scribus

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under Applications -> Graphics.

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and sure enough, there's Scribus and there's Xara Xtreme.

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If we now close the Add/Remove Applications.

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We can test the applications we have just installed.

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Under Applications -> Graphics and then if I choose Scribus,

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there we go, it's installed successfully.

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Now when I run Xara Xtreme, it pops up a warning.

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because there's actually something else that Xara's detected that we need,

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it's called ImageMagick and it says we need that

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otherwise certain features of Xara won't work.

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And we need to use are package management tool to install that ImageMagick

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and we'll come back to that in a minute.

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So those two programs have installed successfully.

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Now let's take a look at using the Synaptic Package Manager,

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to install packages.

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The Synaptic Package Manager has a much larger list of applications.

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You can think of it as being the Add/Remove Applications, but in expert mode.

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So let's look for the program that Xara wanted.

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If we look in Add/Remove Applications for ImageMagick,

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which was required by Xara for some enhanced features,

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it doesn't show up.

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An application that mentions ImageMagick shows up,

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but ImageMagick itself doesn't.

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So let's go and have a look in Synaptic Package Manager,

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under System -> Administration.

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Now Synaptic Package Manager also has a way of categorizing applications,

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on the left-hand side and grouping them together.

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You can see it also mentions the repository names.

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So this is a bit more expert mode, it's mentioning repository names

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that the Add/Remove Applications doesn't show you.

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Down the bottom of the screen it says there are ~21,000 packages,

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in the bottom left-hand corner.

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And if I want to search in those 21,000 for ImageMagick,

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I click the search button at the top of the screen

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and just type in the package that I'm looking for.

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Now there are lots of packages that mention ImageMagick,

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but ImageMagick itself is listed.

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And you can see down the bottom of the screen, if I lift this up,

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you can see a description of what ImageMagick is.

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It's an image manipulation program, suite of programs in fact.

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So if I want to install this, I tick the little box and mark it for installation.

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So I have now got one package marked to install

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and if I want to apply that change, I hit the Apply button.

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I can of course tick other applications as well.

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A summary box appears.

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Now there are in fact some updates waiting on my system

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and there are 5 packages to be updated,

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but I am going to ignore those for now.

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and just install the one new package, ImageMagick.

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So I click Apply and it will download ImageMagick,

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I can of course just choose to download it

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and not actually install it right now

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If I was on dial-up and I just wanted to download the package, I could do that

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and then apply it later on, when I've hung up the phone.

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Luckily I have a fast Internet connection, so it downloads and install very quickly.

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And you can see there, it's installed ImageMagick successfully.

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If we now close that

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and do a search for ImageMagick again.

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You should now see that there is a little green mark next to it

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showing that it is installed.

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And you can see we have further options to re-install,

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remove or completely remove that package.

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We'll look at the removal options in a bit more detail later on.

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But the difference between remove and complete remove is really,

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"remove" removes the application,

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"complete remove" will remove the application and also any configuration files

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that the application has associated with it.

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Neither of those options will remove any data,

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so if you've created any images with this program for example,

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those images won't be removed,

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it's only the application that gets removed by the package manager

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and configuration files as well.

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So now that we've installed the pre-requisite for Xara,

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let's go back and re-run Xara Xtreme.

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and make sure that warning dialog doesn't appear any more.

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There we go, it's gone away.

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So now we've added the required bits for that to work.

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So now let's look at another way to install applications

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by adding repositories.

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Now we've already looked at Software Sources and we've seen the repositories

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that are defined by default.

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And if we go and search for a particular application,

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it will only search within those repositories.

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So I'm looking for a program called Miro,

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and it can't find Miro in Add/Remove,

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and the reason for that is that Miro isn't in the Feisty,

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Ubuntu Feisty 7.04, repository.

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So if we go to Synaptic Package Manager and have a look there as well,

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just to make double sure, and search for Miro.

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Again Miro isn't listed in the list of applications,

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because it's not in the repositories, any of the repositories,

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that we have listed in the Software Sources on our system.

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So let's go to the website for this product.

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Miro is a media player application.

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Actually it's a bit more than that, but that's enough for now.

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It's a video player and if I go to getmiro.com,

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which you can easily find if you just google Miro.

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It's the first website on the list,

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I'll just show you that.

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So there we go the first hit when you search for Miro is getmiro.com

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and there's an option to download the Linux version of Miro.

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So let's say I'm interested in downloading this software that isn't in the repository

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Down here there are instructions for Linux

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and some instructions specifically for Ubuntu.

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And if we click the download link, there's some pretty comprehensive instructions

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on how you might go about installing Miro.

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Now to install Miro I'll summarize what those instructions say.

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It basically says we need to add an extra repository to our system

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and then Miro should show up in our package manager.

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It tells us what to do right there.

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In fact the screenshots further down are a little bit out of date.

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They show an older version of Ubuntu.

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So if we go to System -> Administration -> Software Sources.

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It shows a slightly different way to get there, but it's much the same.

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We then go to the third party software tab

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and we want to add this third party repository.

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We get asked for the APT line

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and the line should start with the letters deb

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and we start copying here deb, all the way to the end of that line.

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And I'll copy that and paste it into here

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and then click Add Source.

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There we go, we've added a third party repository.

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Now you have to be a bit careful here, because that repository could contain any software,

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it could contain software that conflicts with existing software on your system

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So obviously, you have to weigh up the pros and cons of adding this extra repository.

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It's your system and you don't really want to damage it with third party repositories.

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It's also possible that this can cause problems during upgrades,

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and we'll see later on, in fact you will have seen in the previous screencast,

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that during an upgrade these repositories get disabled some times.

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So now that we've added the repository,

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let's look at how we add the software, that we've added from that repository.

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So here are the instructions and a bit further down it says

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install Miro using your package manager.

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Now the package manager we know is Synaptic

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So we could go to System -> Administration -> Synaptic Package Manager,

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Remember we searched for Miro earlier and couldn't find it.

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Now if we search for Miro, my system is aware of that extra repository.

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And Miro is now in the list, along with a dependency Miro-data.

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So if I highlight Miro, you can see from the description,

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that's the application that I want to install.

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Miro-data is some supplemental stuff that goes with it.

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If I tick the box and choose mark for installation,

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then it gives me a warning that this application

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is coming from this third party repository.

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And (you know) there could be some nefarious or dodgy

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packages on that repository.

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So we have to be a little bit careful about this.

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Do we really want to apply these applications.

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Now if we go back to our Software Sources,

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you can see under the authentication tab,

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there are trusted software providers.

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00:19:19,567 --> 00:19:22,832
And the trusted software providers are software providers who

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cryptographically sign their packages.

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Now Miro don't cryptographically sign their packages,

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there's nowhere on this page for me to add their key to my system.

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00:19:35,839 --> 00:19:41,552
So that I can decrypt or validate that their packages are signed.

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So there's not much I can do about this other than either choose to accept or not,

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these packages

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So I'll choose to accept them

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and you'll notice now we have got Miro and the dependency Miro-data

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I only choose Miro, but Miro-data was pulled in as a dependency of Miro.

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And if I right-click I can choose to unmark it

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or I can have a look at the properties of that application.

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00:20:14,639 --> 00:20:18,572
And you can see here it's got some information about further dependencies.

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00:20:18,672 --> 00:20:22,025
So it's not just Miro and Miro-data that I'm installing,

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there will be other dependencies as well.

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And there are further tabs here,

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we will come back to this install files in just a minute.

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This is useful if you want to see where the application was installed,

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00:20:37,935 --> 00:20:40,304
what files were put on to your system.

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00:20:40,404 --> 00:20:43,355
It tells you the version number and then there's the short description,

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which is the same as you see in the main screen of Synaptic.

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There's also an email address for the maintainer there,

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so you can contact that person.

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Now if I hit Apply, it's going to again give me the reminder

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that some of these packages could not be authenticated,

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they are not cryptographically signed.

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And there's 16 new packages that will be installed.

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So it downloads those 16 packages and then starts installing them,

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Now some of those packages will be coming from the third party repository,

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many of them will come from the standard Ubuntu repositories.

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So Miro uses some code that's in the standard repository,

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some libraries for example.

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00:21:32,342 --> 00:21:36,940
Now that's installed we can close and

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if we search again for Miro,

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we should find that it's got the little green mark next to it,

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to show that it's installed.

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00:21:46,163 --> 00:21:50,237
And if we right-click you can see again we can re-install or remove 

320
00:21:50,337 --> 00:21:54,739
and now if we look at the properties, you can see under installed files,

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00:21:54,839 --> 00:21:58,563
all the files that have been installed by this one package.

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This doesn't include all of the files that got installed by all of the dependencies,

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00:22:03,384 --> 00:22:06,028
just by this package.

324
00:22:07,558 --> 00:22:11,829
So let's just test to see if Miro works.

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We should find it under Applications -> Sound & Video,

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there it is, Miro.

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00:22:22,134 --> 00:22:24,351
That looks good.

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Miro is quite a funky media player, allows you to download TV programs

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and podcasts and the like and watch them within this window or full screen on your PC.

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There's a load of groups on the left-hand side,

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00:22:40,142 --> 00:22:43,333
it's quite a neat application.

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So that works.

333
00:22:47,747 --> 00:22:51,593
Finally we will look at manually installing packages.

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This is the last way of installing packages that I am going to show.

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Now a word of warning about manually installing packages.

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What we will be doing is visiting a website,

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downloading some deb packages and installing them manually.

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We won't be getting them from a repository

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and so there will be no way for those packages to get updated.

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00:23:12,639 --> 00:23:16,538
So if there are bugs or security holes in those applications,

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00:23:16,638 --> 00:23:20,865
they won't get updated in the same way that all our standard packages

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00:23:20,965 --> 00:23:23,544
will be updated from the repository.

343
00:23:23,644 --> 00:23:28,033
So you have to be a little bit careful when doing this.

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00:23:28,133 --> 00:23:32,251
So from getdeb.net, which is a website where many applications

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00:23:32,351 --> 00:23:36,272
such as Second Life and various other popular applications

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00:23:36,372 --> 00:23:39,528
get packaged up as .debs

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00:23:39,628 --> 00:23:44,249
and a .deb is the package format that Ubuntu uses.

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00:23:44,349 --> 00:23:51,417
The deb comes from Debian, which Ubuntu is based on.

349
00:23:51,517 --> 00:23:54,127
And you can see here we've got Gaim Instant Messenger,

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00:23:54,227 --> 00:23:57,548
Now Gaim recently changed it's name to Pidgin

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00:23:57,648 --> 00:24:01,132
and getdeb have Pidgin available for download.

352
00:24:01,232 --> 00:24:06,846
So what we could do is use that as an example program to download.

353
00:24:06,946 --> 00:24:09,206
Now I can follow the instructions here

354
00:24:09,306 --> 00:24:12,090
and it basically shows me there are two file to download,

355
00:24:12,190 --> 00:24:14,135
Pidgin and Pidgin-data.

356
00:24:14,235 --> 00:24:18,843
So if I just click on Pidgin it gets a .deb file.

357
00:24:18,943 --> 00:24:23,258
and Firefox will give me the option of loading it with gdebi,

358
00:24:23,358 --> 00:24:28,175
which is the package installer

359
00:24:28,275 --> 00:24:30,360
or alternatively I can save it to disk.

360
00:24:30,460 --> 00:24:34,753
Now I need both of these files so I'm going to save them to disk.

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00:24:34,853 --> 00:24:39,058
That's Pidgin done and it saves it on to my desktop.

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00:24:39,158 --> 00:24:42,524
I'll now click on Pidgin-data and save that one to disk as well,

363
00:24:42,624 --> 00:24:45,409
that's also a .deb.

364
00:24:45,540 --> 00:24:51,309
Click Ok and I should now have two files on my desktop.

365
00:24:52,336 --> 00:24:54,827
There we go, Pidgin and Pidgin-data.

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00:24:54,927 --> 00:24:58,399
Now what I am going to do is just highlight them both

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00:24:58,499 --> 00:25:02,979
and press enter to open gdebi, the package installer.

368
00:25:03,263 --> 00:25:05,720
Now you'll notice here is opens a separate window

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00:25:05,820 --> 00:25:07,883
for each of the packages I want to install.

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00:25:07,983 --> 00:25:13,172
I did this so that you can see that Pidgin-data says all dependencies satisfied

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00:25:13,272 --> 00:25:15,130
that can now be installed.

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00:25:15,230 --> 00:25:18,539
But PIdgin itself has a dependency not satisfied yet.

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00:25:18,639 --> 00:25:21,598
it requires Pidgin-data to be installed first.

374
00:25:21,698 --> 00:25:25,270
So I'll install Pidgin-data first.

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00:25:25,751 --> 00:25:28,242
Gdebi will ask me for my password,

376
00:25:28,342 --> 00:25:33,028
which is normal for any application that make a system wide change,

377
00:25:33,159 --> 00:25:36,905
to your Ubuntu environment.

378
00:25:37,005 --> 00:25:40,305
It now installs Pidgin-data.

379
00:25:43,671 --> 00:25:45,572
Done.

380
00:25:45,672 --> 00:25:51,657
So now I can close the package manager

381
00:25:51,757 --> 00:25:56,071
and if I close this one and again double-click on Pidgin.

382
00:25:56,171 --> 00:26:00,420
You can see now it doesn't complain the Pidgin-data is not installed,

383
00:26:00,520 --> 00:26:03,239
but it does say there is another dependency that's required,

384
00:26:03,339 --> 00:26:06,102
now this file will be in the repository.

385
00:26:06,302 --> 00:26:11,129
The fact that it's not complaining, it's not giving me a red light when I install,

386
00:26:11,229 --> 00:26:13,283
it will prompt me for my password,

387
00:26:13,383 --> 00:26:16,985
then go and get the necessary packages that are missing,

388
00:26:17,085 --> 00:26:19,052
from the repository.

389
00:26:19,152 --> 00:26:21,400
It couldn't get Pidgin from the repository or Pidgin-data,

390
00:26:21,500 --> 00:26:27,213
because they don't exist in the 7.04 Feisty repository.

391
00:26:27,313 --> 00:26:30,120
There we go, now Pidgin is installed.

392
00:26:30,220 --> 00:26:32,886
I can get rid of those .deb files,

393
00:26:32,986 --> 00:26:36,654
because I don't need them any more, now the application is installed.

394
00:26:36,754 --> 00:26:40,041
And you will find it under Applications -> Internet.

395
00:26:40,141 --> 00:26:43,966
So there we go, there's our Pidgin Internet Messenger.

396
00:26:45,823 --> 00:26:48,074
And that seems to work okay.

397
00:26:48,174 --> 00:26:51,842
I'm not going to use it right now.

398
00:26:51,942 --> 00:26:56,432
You can see that it all seems to be functioning as expected.

399
00:26:56,532 --> 00:27:00,103
I'll just close that.

400
00:27:00,203 --> 00:27:05,033
And that's installing a package manually.

401
00:27:07,174 --> 00:27:11,852
Finally we are going to look at removing packages.

402
00:27:12,070 --> 00:27:16,515
This is pretty straight forward, for removing software that's been installed

403
00:27:16,615 --> 00:27:20,908
either via Add/Remove or via Synaptic

404
00:27:21,008 --> 00:27:23,072
or indeed via gdebi.

405
00:27:23,172 --> 00:27:26,306
I'm going to remove Pidgin Internet Messenger

406
00:27:26,406 --> 00:27:30,349
because I'm not actually going to use it on this system.

407
00:27:30,449 --> 00:27:34,273
So if I go to System -> Administration -> Synaptic Package Manager,

408
00:27:34,373 --> 00:27:39,965
which is where we have installed programs previously,

409
00:27:40,065 --> 00:27:43,680
and I search for pidgin.

410
00:27:43,780 --> 00:27:47,067
Even though Pidgin wasn't installed from a repository,

411
00:27:47,167 --> 00:27:51,560
Synaptic knows about it because it is installed on my system.

412
00:27:51,660 --> 00:27:55,022
Now we have the option here to remove the application

413
00:27:55,122 --> 00:27:57,154
or completely remove.

414
00:27:57,254 --> 00:27:59,296
Completely remove is a more comprehensive remove,

415
00:27:59,396 --> 00:28:03,807
it removes configuration files and other bits and bobs as well.

416
00:28:03,907 --> 00:28:06,058
I'll remove Pidgin and Pidgin-data

417
00:28:06,158 --> 00:28:10,223
and I'm also going to search for the dependency that they installed.

418
00:28:10,323 --> 00:28:13,554
Now you'll notice this is quite a manual process

419
00:28:13,654 --> 00:28:19,205
and this is partly because we've installed these programs manually.

420
00:28:19,598 --> 00:28:24,700
There are ways in which we can remove multiple packages in one go

421
00:28:24,800 --> 00:28:28,843
I'm just showing you an easy way to remove individual packages,

422
00:28:28,943 --> 00:28:32,339
with Synaptic Package Manager.

423
00:28:32,951 --> 00:28:37,812
So you can see here I would gain another one MB

424
00:28:37,912 --> 00:28:41,724
if I remove this package, because it tells me when I click on it the properties,

425
00:28:41,824 --> 00:28:44,018
the size of the package.

426
00:28:44,118 --> 00:28:47,122
So now I've tagged three packages to be removed.

427
00:28:47,222 --> 00:28:49,307
I hit Apply

428
00:28:49,407 --> 00:28:53,712
and it says here these three packages will be removed.

429
00:28:54,914 --> 00:28:59,198
And I will free up 26MB of disk space.

430
00:29:00,378 --> 00:29:04,901
When I hit Apply it removes those packages.

431
00:29:06,125 --> 00:29:08,223
Done.

432
00:29:09,360 --> 00:29:14,189
So I've removed pretty much all trace of those three packages now.

433
00:29:15,020 --> 00:29:18,220
and of course I could go on to remove all the other packages

434
00:29:18,320 --> 00:29:22,100
that I've installed so far in this screencast.

435
00:29:25,641 --> 00:29:30,689
So in summary, we can install applications direct from the repository,

436
00:29:30,973 --> 00:29:36,284
We can install applications either via Add/Remove or Synaptic.

437
00:29:36,384 --> 00:29:39,789
We can also add additional repositories

438
00:29:39,889 --> 00:29:42,862
and then install software from those repositories,

439
00:29:43,037 --> 00:29:46,752
slightly dangerous, because we don't necessarily know what's in those repositories.

440
00:29:46,883 --> 00:29:48,881
and we don't have control over them.

441
00:29:48,981 --> 00:29:54,488
And finally we can install debs, that we can download off the Internet.

442
00:29:57,154 --> 00:29:59,602
I hope that's been useful.

443
00:30:01,000 --> 00:30:04,016
You can find all of our screencasts on our website,

444
00:30:04,116 --> 00:30:08,168
screencasts.ubuntu.com