LTSEnablementStack

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In an effort to support a wider variety of hardware on an existing LTS release, the 12.04.2 and newer point releases will ship with an updated kernel and X stack by default. These newer hardware enablement stacks will be comprised of the newer kernel and X stacks from Quantal, Raring, and S (name TBD). These enablement stacks are only intended for use on x86 hardware at this time. Those running virtual or cloud images should not need these newer enablement stacks and are thus recommended to remain on the original Precise stack. To remain on the original Precise stack there are a few options: '''The latest information on the [[ https://ubuntu.com/about/release-cycle | Ubuntu Lifecycle and Release Cadence ]].'''
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 * Install from a previous 12.04.0 or 12.04.1 point release and update. The previous 12.04.0 and 12.04.1 releases are archived at http://old-releases.ubuntu.com/
 * Perform an update or upgrade to Precise from a previous release. Only those installing from the 12.04.2 or newer point release media will automatically receive a newer enablement stack by default.
 * Perform a network install using the netboot images rather than the new <'''release'''>-netboot images, eg. quantal-netboot images.		 The Ubuntu LTS enablement (also called HWE or Hardware Enablement) stacks provide newer kernel and X support for existing Ubuntu LTS releases. These enablement stacks can be installed manually but are also available when installing with Ubuntu LTS point release media. These newer enablement stacks are meant for desktop and server and even recommended for cloud or virtual images. However, if one wants to remain on the original GA (General Availability) stacks, the options are:
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Anyone wishing to opt into the hardware enablement stack for Precise may do so by installing the linux-generic-lts-<'''release'''> and xserver-xorg-lts-<'''release'''> packages. For example to install the Quantal hardware enablement packages in Precise, please run the following command:  * Install from a previous 12.04.0/12.04.1/14.04.0/14.04.1/16.04.0/16.04.1/18.04.0/18.04.1 point release and update. Previous releases are archived at http://old-releases.ubuntu.com/
 * Perform an update or upgrade to an LTS release from a previous release.
 * Perform a network install using the netboot images rather than the new <'''release'''>-netboot images.
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{{{ sudo apt-get install linux-generic-lts-quantal xserver-xorg-lts-quantal }}} === Ubuntu 20.04 LTS - Focal Fossa ===
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Below contains additional specifics regarding the exact policies and procedures regarding the support, maintenance, and upgrade paths for these hardware enablement stacks. All Ubuntu Desktop 20.04 LTS will ship with an updated kernel by default. Also Ubuntu Desktop certified hardware may use OEM kernel flavour, where required.
Server installations will default to the GA kernel and provide the enablement kernel as optional.
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== 12.04.2 + 12.10 Hardware Enablement Stack Policies and Procedures == The 20.04 LTS HWE Stacks continue to follow [[https://ubuntu.com/about/release-cycle#ubuntu-kernel-release-cycle|Rolling Update Model]], as has been in use since 16.04 LTS.
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 1. For the 12.04.2 CDs, we will default to the new Quantal enablement stack. Due to size limitations we are unable to provide options for both the Quantal enablement stack and the original Precise stack.
 1. For the 12.04.2 DVDs, we will default to the new Quantal enablement stack as well.
 1. The 12.04.0 and 12.04.1 point releases will be archived and available at old-releases.ubuntu.com.
 1. For the 12.04.2 CDs and DVDs, we will document that anyone installing and wishing to remain on the original 12.04 stack to please install from the 12.04.0 or 12.04.1 media and update.
  1. For the 12.04.2 point release, https://help.ubuntu.com/ and http://www.ubuntu.com/download/desktop should be updated to notify users that they do have the option to install with the 12.04.1 media as an alternative to remain on the original Precise stack. A link to the 12.04.1 media which will be archived at old-releases.ubuntu.com should also be referenced in this message.
 1. We only intend to support enablement stack package combinations in 12.04 which are derived from the same release, eg. the 12.10 X.org must be used in conjunction with the 12.10 kernel and vice versa. Intermixing a 12.10 enablement kernel with the 12.04 X.org stack or a 12.10 enablement X.org stack with a 12.04 kernel will not be officially tested nor supported.
 1. Anyone running with the original Precise stack will not be automatically updated to the new Quantal enablement stack. Users can electively choose to install the Quantal (or newer) enablement stack meta package if they wish to do so.
 1. Additionally, anyone upgrading to Precise will not be automatically upgraded to the new Quantal enablement stack. Again, they can electively choose to do so by manually installing the appropriate meta package.
 1. The original 12.04 stack in Precise will remain supported for the usual 5yr life cycle of the LTS release.
 1. We will also deliver a 14.04 LTS HWE stack back into 12.04. This 14.04 HWE stack will remain supported in 12.04 for the life of the 12.04 LTS release.
 1. Anyone running with the newer Quantal enablement stack will remain on that stack until the following 14.04 LTS enablement stack is available and supported in 12.04. Users will *not* be automatically rolled forward to interim non-LTS enablement stack offerings.
  1. If anyone is interested in updating to newer enablement stack offerings in Precise as they become available, we will provide series specific meta packages which they can manually choose to install. We will also provide a rolling release meta package for those who do want to roll forward automatically. Again, this will be an elective package install and not mandatory.
 1. 12.10 enablement stack users will be automatically upgraded to the 14.04 enablement stack in Precise upon the 12.10 enablement stack reaching its EOL. This will ensure a continuous line of support.
 1. The 12.10 enablement stack will only be supported in Precise from the time it appears in the 12.04.2 point release to the time when users are rolled forward to the 14.04 LTS HWE stack in 12.04.
 1. Anyone running an R or S enablement stack in Precise might have an unexpected result if they upgrade their entire system to Quantal. The packages offered in the R/S enablement stack would supersede the Quantal packages. The decision was for update-manager to only prompt to upgrade to the next LTS release, which is how it is already. Otherwise, there should be some type of package conflicts/replace in place to prevent this from happening. This is only a real concern for the R and S stacks.
 1. Apport has and will be updated to allow bug reporting in Precise against the enablement stacks. These bugs will also be appropriately tagged to assist in searching.
 1. Only the -generic kernel flavor from Quantal will be supported in Precise.		 ==== Desktop ====
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== Proposed 12.04.3 + 13.04 Hardware Enablement Stack Policies and Procedures == It is advised to keep Ubuntu Desktop 20.04 LTS with the kernel flavour picked during installation. It can be either HWE or OEM flavour. Changing to track GA kernel may result in regressions of performance, hardware support, and certified features.
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 1. For the 12.04.3 CDs, we will default to the new Raring HWE stack. Due to size limitations we are unable to provide options for both the Raring HWE stack and the original Precise stack.
 1. For the 12.04.3 DVDs, we will default to the new Raring HWE stack as well.
 1. The 12.04.0 and 12.04.1 point releases will be archived and available at old-releases.ubuntu.com.
 1. For the 12.04.3 CDs and DVDs, we will document that anyone installing and wishing to remain on the original 12.04 stack to please install from the 12.04.0 or 12.04.1 media and update.
 1. We only intend to support HWE stack package combinations in 12.04 which are derived from the same release, eg. the 13.04 X.org must be used in conjunction with the 13.04 kernel and vice versa. Intermixing a 13.04 enablement kernel with the 12.04 X.org stack or a 13.04 enablement X.org stack with a 12.04 kernel will not be officially tested nor supported.
 1. Anyone running an original Precise stack will not be automatically updated to the new Raring HWE stack. Users can electively choose to install the Raring enablement stack meta package if they wish to do so.
 1. Additionally, anyone upgrading to Precise will not be automatically upgraded to the new Raring HWE stack. Again, they can electively choose to do so by manually installing the appropriate meta package.
 1. The original 12.04 stack in Precise will remain supported for the usual 5yr life cycle of the LTS release.
 1. We will also deliver a 14.04 LTS HWE stack back into 12.04. This 14.04 HWE stack will remain supported in 12.04 for the life of the 12.04 LTS release.
 1. The natural support duration for the 13.04 Raring Ringtail release is now 9mo. We will however commit to supporting the Raring HWE stack in 12.04 from the time of the 12.04.3 point release until we are ready to transition these users to the 14.04 LTS HWE stack in 12.04.
 1. Anyone running with the newer Raring HWE stack will remain on that stack until the 14.04 LTS HWE stack is ready for use in 12.04. Users will *not* be automatically rolled forward to newer non-LTS HWE stack offerings.
 1. Raring HWE stack users in 12.04 will eventually be rolled forward to the 14.04 LTS HWE stack in 12.04.
  1. We intend on allowing the 14.04 HWE stack to bake in 12.04 from the 14.04 to 14.04.1 point release time frame before automatically transitioning previous interim release HWE stack users (ie 12.04.2, 12.04.3 and 12.04.4 HWE stack users) forward to the 14.04 LTS HWE stack in 12.04. This will ensure a continuous line of support.
 1. If anyone is interested in updating to newer HWE stack offerings in Precise as they become available, we will provide series specific meta packages which they can manually choose to install. We will also provide a rolling release meta package for those who do want to roll forward automatically. Again, this will be an elective package install and not mandatory.
 1. Anyone running a Raring or 13.10 HWE stack in 12.04 might have an unexpected result if they upgrade their entire system to the 12.10 Quantal Quetzal release. The packages offered in the 13.04/13.10 HWE stack would supersede the 12.10 packages. The decision was for update-manager to only prompt to upgrade to the next LTS release, which is how it is already. Otherwise, there should be some type of package conflicts/replace in place to prevent this from happening. This is only a real concern for the 13.04 and 13.10 stacks.
 1. Apport has and will be updated to allow bug reporting in Precise against the HWE stacks. These bugs will also be appropriately tagged to assist in searching.
 1. Only the -generic x86 kernel flavor from 13.04 will be supported in the Raring HWE stack in Precise.		 To check if you are on a certified hardware platform execute:

{{{ ubuntu-drivers list-oem }}}

If any meta packages are listed, please refrain from manually changing the kernel flavours.

To downgrade from HWE/OEM to GA kernel:

{{{ sudo apt install --install-recommends linux-generic }}}

If NVIDIA drivers are required check appropriate level and install them:

{{{ ubuntu-drivers list }}}

And then install appropriate NNN version of the drivers:

{{{ sudo apt install --install-recommends linux-modules-nvidia-NNN-generic }}}

Reboot, interrupt grub, in advanced options elect to boot 5.4 based kernel, complete boot. Check that everything works as expected.

If everything is good, you may remove the other kernel flavours:

{{{ sudo apt remove --purge linux-generic-hwe-20.04 linux-oem-20.04 linux-hwe-* linux-oem-* linux-modules-5.1* linux-modules-5.8.0-* linux-modules-5.6.0-* }}}

==== Server ====

Installing the HWE stack is simple:

{{{ sudo apt install --install-recommends linux-generic-hwe-20.04 }}}


=== Ubuntu 18.04 LTS - Bionic Beaver ===

The 18.04.2 and newer point releases will ship with an updated kernel and X stack by default for the desktop. Server installations will default to the GA kernel and provide the enablement kernel as optional.

The 18.04 HWE Stacks continue to follow [[https://ubuntu.com/about/release-cycle#ubuntu-kernel-release-cycle|Rolling Update Model]], as has been in use since 16.04 LTS.


Installing the HWE stack is simple:

==== Desktop ====

{{{ sudo apt-get install --install-recommends linux-generic-hwe-18.04 xserver-xorg-hwe-18.04 }}}

==== Server ====

{{{ sudo apt-get install --install-recommends linux-generic-hwe-18.04 }}}

=== Ubuntu 16.04 LTS - Xenial Xerus ===

The 16.04.2 and newer point releases will ship with an updated kernel and X stack by default for the desktop. Server installations will default to the GA kernel and provide the enablement kernel as optional.

The 16.04 HWE Stacks will follow a new [[https://ubuntu.com/about/release-cycle#ubuntu-kernel-release-cycle|Rolling Update Model]].

It is highly recommended to read the above documentation before executing the following commands, as the HWE model has changed in 16.04.

Installing the HWE stack is simple:

==== Desktop ====

{{{ sudo apt-get install --install-recommends linux-generic-hwe-16.04 xserver-xorg-hwe-16.04 }}}

==== Server ====

{{{ sudo apt-get install --install-recommends linux-generic-hwe-16.04 }}}

=== Ubuntu 14.04 LTS - Trusty Tahr ===

The 14.04.2 and newer point releases will ship with an updated kernel and X stack by default. If you have installed with older media you can use the following to install the newer HWE kernel derived from 16.04 (Xenial):

==== Desktop ====

{{{ sudo apt-get install --install-recommends linux-generic-lts-xenial xserver-xorg-core-lts-xenial xserver-xorg-lts-xenial xserver-xorg-video-all-lts-xenial xserver-xorg-input-all-lts-xenial libwayland-egl1-mesa-lts-xenial }}}

==== Multiarch Desktop ====

If you run a multiarch desktop (for example, i386 and amd64 on amd64, for gaming or Wine), you may find you need a slightly more involved command, like this:

{{{ sudo apt-get install --install-recommends linux-generic-lts-xenial xserver-xorg-core-lts-xenial xserver-xorg-lts-xenial xserver-xorg-video-all-lts-xenial xserver-xorg-input-all-lts-xenial libwayland-egl1-mesa-lts-xenial libgl1-mesa-glx-lts-xenial libgl1-mesa-glx-lts-xenial:i386 libglapi-mesa-lts-xenial:i386 }}}

==== Server ====
Install the HWE kernel derived from 16.04 (xenial):

{{{ sudo apt-get install --install-recommends linux-generic-lts-xenial }}}

=== Ubuntu 12.04 LTS - Precise Pangolin ===

The 12.04.2 and newer point releases will ship with an updated kernel and X stack by default. The current and supported hardware enablement stack is comprised of the newer kernel and X stacks from 14.04 (Trusty).

Anyone wishing to opt into the hardware enablement stack for Precise may do so running the following commands:

==== Desktop ====

{{{ sudo apt-get install --install-recommends linux-generic-lts-trusty xserver-xorg-lts-trusty libgl1-mesa-glx-lts-trusty}}}

==== Server ====

{{{ sudo apt-get install --install-recommends linux-generic-lts-trusty }}}

=== Check your support status ===
If you want a tool to determine if your install is still supported please use hwe-support-status as documented on [[1204_HWE_EOL|https://wiki.ubuntu.com/1204_HWE_EOL]]

{{{ hwe-support-status --verbose }}}

=== Ubuntu 12.04 LTS Extended Security Maintenance ===
Following the end-of-life of Ubuntu 12.04 LTS, Canonical is offering Ubuntu 12.04 ESM (Extended Security Maintenance), which provides important security fixes for the kernel and the most essential user space packages in Ubuntu 12.04. All Ubuntu 12.04 LTS users are encouraged to upgrade to Ubuntu 14.04 LTS or Ubuntu 16.04 LTS. But for those who cannot upgrade immediately, Ubuntu 12.04 ESM updates will help ensure the on-going security and integrity of Ubuntu 12.04 systems.

Ubuntu 12.04 LTS initially released with kernel based on version 3.2. The final hardware enablement kernel, when Ubuntu 12.04 LTS reached end of life, was based on kernel version 3.13. Both kernels are included as part of Ubuntu 12.04 ESM.

For more details on this program, please refer to https://wiki.ubuntu.com/SecurityTeam/ESM/12.04

##= Maintenance and Support =
##Below contains additional specifics regarding the exact policies and procedures regarding the support, ##maintenance, and upgrade paths for these hardware enablement stacks.
##
##== 12.04.5 + 14.04 Hardware Enablement Stack Policies and Procedures ==
##
## 1. For the 12.04.5 CDs, we will default to the new Trusty HWE stack. Due to size limitations we are unable to ##provide options for both the Trusty HWE stack and the original Precise stack.
## 1. For the 12.04.5 DVDs, we will default to the new Trusty HWE stack as well.
## 1. The 12.04.0 and 12.04.1 point releases will be archived and available at [[http://old-##releases.ubuntu.com/||http://old-releases.ubuntu.com/]].
## 1. For the 12.04.5 CDs and DVDs, we will document that anyone installing and wishing to remain on the original ##12.04 stack to please install from the 12.04.0 or 12.04.1 media and update.
## 1. We only intend to support HWE stack package combinations in 12.04 which are derived from the same release, ##eg. the 14.04 X.org must be used in conjunction with the 14.04 kernel and vice versa. Intermixing a 14.04 ##enablement kernel with the 12.04 X.org stack or a 14.04 enablement X.org stack with a 12.04 kernel will not be ##officially tested nor supported.
## 1. Anyone running an original Precise stack will '''NOT''' be automatically updated to the new Trusty HWE ##stack. Users can electively choose to install the Trusty enablement stack meta package if they wish to do so.
## 1. Additionally, anyone upgrading to Precise will not be automatically upgraded to the new Trusty HWE stack. ##Again, they can electively choose to do so by manually installing the appropriate meta package.
## 1. The original 12.04 stack in Precise will remain supported for the usual 5yr life cycle of the LTS release.
## 1. The 14.04 HWE stack will remain supported in 12.04 for the life of the 12.04 LTS release.
## 1. The 14.04 HWE stack will be the last and final HWE stack offered in Precise.
## 1. Anyone running with the newer Trusty HWE stack will remain on that stack. Users will '''NOT''' be ##automatically rolled forward to newer releases.
## 1. Anyone running a Raring, Saucy, or Trusty HWE stack in 12.04 might have an unexpected result if they ##upgrade their entire system to the 12.10 Quantal Quetzal release. The packages offered in the ##Raring/Saucy/Trusty HWE stack would supersede the 12.10 packages. The decision was for update-manager to only ##prompt to upgrade to the next LTS release, which is how it is already. Otherwise, there should be some type of ##package conflicts/replace in place to prevent this from happening. This is only a real concern for the 13.04, ##13.10, and 14.04 stacks.
## 1. Apport has and will be updated to allow bug reporting in Precise against the HWE stacks. These bugs will ##also be appropriately tagged to assist in searching.
## 1. Only the -generic x86 kernel flavor from 14.04 will be supported in the Trusty HWE stack in Precise.

##{{http://media.cdn.ubuntu-de.org/wiki/attachments/09/06/LTSEnablementStackSupport12.04.4.png}}

LTS Enablement Stacks

The latest information on the Ubuntu Lifecycle and Release Cadence.

The Ubuntu LTS enablement (also called HWE or Hardware Enablement) stacks provide newer kernel and X support for existing Ubuntu LTS releases. These enablement stacks can be installed manually but are also available when installing with Ubuntu LTS point release media. These newer enablement stacks are meant for desktop and server and even recommended for cloud or virtual images. However, if one wants to remain on the original GA (General Availability) stacks, the options are:

  • Install from a previous 12.04.0/12.04.1/14.04.0/14.04.1/16.04.0/16.04.1/18.04.0/18.04.1 point release and update. Previous releases are archived at http://old-releases.ubuntu.com/

  • Perform an update or upgrade to an LTS release from a previous release.

  • Perform a network install using the netboot images rather than the new <release>-netboot images.

Ubuntu 20.04 LTS - Focal Fossa

All Ubuntu Desktop 20.04 LTS will ship with an updated kernel by default. Also Ubuntu Desktop certified hardware may use OEM kernel flavour, where required. Server installations will default to the GA kernel and provide the enablement kernel as optional.

The 20.04 LTS HWE Stacks continue to follow Rolling Update Model, as has been in use since 16.04 LTS.

Desktop

It is advised to keep Ubuntu Desktop 20.04 LTS with the kernel flavour picked during installation. It can be either HWE or OEM flavour. Changing to track GA kernel may result in regressions of performance, hardware support, and certified features.

To check if you are on a certified hardware platform execute:

 ubuntu-drivers list-oem 

If any meta packages are listed, please refrain from manually changing the kernel flavours.

To downgrade from HWE/OEM to GA kernel:

 sudo apt install --install-recommends linux-generic 

If NVIDIA drivers are required check appropriate level and install them:

 ubuntu-drivers list 

And then install appropriate NNN version of the drivers:

 sudo apt install --install-recommends linux-modules-nvidia-NNN-generic 

Reboot, interrupt grub, in advanced options elect to boot 5.4 based kernel, complete boot. Check that everything works as expected.

If everything is good, you may remove the other kernel flavours:

 sudo apt remove --purge linux-generic-hwe-20.04 linux-oem-20.04 linux-hwe-* linux-oem-* linux-modules-5.1* linux-modules-5.8.0-* linux-modules-5.6.0-* 

Server

Installing the HWE stack is simple:

 sudo apt install --install-recommends linux-generic-hwe-20.04 

Ubuntu 18.04 LTS - Bionic Beaver

The 18.04.2 and newer point releases will ship with an updated kernel and X stack by default for the desktop. Server installations will default to the GA kernel and provide the enablement kernel as optional.

The 18.04 HWE Stacks continue to follow Rolling Update Model, as has been in use since 16.04 LTS.

Installing the HWE stack is simple:

Desktop

 sudo apt-get install --install-recommends linux-generic-hwe-18.04 xserver-xorg-hwe-18.04 

Server

 sudo apt-get install --install-recommends linux-generic-hwe-18.04 

Ubuntu 16.04 LTS - Xenial Xerus

The 16.04.2 and newer point releases will ship with an updated kernel and X stack by default for the desktop. Server installations will default to the GA kernel and provide the enablement kernel as optional.

The 16.04 HWE Stacks will follow a new Rolling Update Model.

It is highly recommended to read the above documentation before executing the following commands, as the HWE model has changed in 16.04.

Installing the HWE stack is simple:

Desktop

 sudo apt-get install --install-recommends linux-generic-hwe-16.04 xserver-xorg-hwe-16.04 

Server

 sudo apt-get install --install-recommends linux-generic-hwe-16.04 

Ubuntu 14.04 LTS - Trusty Tahr

The 14.04.2 and newer point releases will ship with an updated kernel and X stack by default. If you have installed with older media you can use the following to install the newer HWE kernel derived from 16.04 (Xenial):

Desktop

 sudo apt-get install --install-recommends linux-generic-lts-xenial xserver-xorg-core-lts-xenial xserver-xorg-lts-xenial xserver-xorg-video-all-lts-xenial xserver-xorg-input-all-lts-xenial libwayland-egl1-mesa-lts-xenial 

Multiarch Desktop

If you run a multiarch desktop (for example, i386 and amd64 on amd64, for gaming or Wine), you may find you need a slightly more involved command, like this:

 sudo apt-get install --install-recommends linux-generic-lts-xenial xserver-xorg-core-lts-xenial xserver-xorg-lts-xenial xserver-xorg-video-all-lts-xenial xserver-xorg-input-all-lts-xenial libwayland-egl1-mesa-lts-xenial libgl1-mesa-glx-lts-xenial libgl1-mesa-glx-lts-xenial:i386 libglapi-mesa-lts-xenial:i386 

Server

Install the HWE kernel derived from 16.04 (xenial):

 sudo apt-get install --install-recommends linux-generic-lts-xenial 

Ubuntu 12.04 LTS - Precise Pangolin

The 12.04.2 and newer point releases will ship with an updated kernel and X stack by default. The current and supported hardware enablement stack is comprised of the newer kernel and X stacks from 14.04 (Trusty).

Anyone wishing to opt into the hardware enablement stack for Precise may do so running the following commands:

Desktop

 sudo apt-get install --install-recommends linux-generic-lts-trusty xserver-xorg-lts-trusty libgl1-mesa-glx-lts-trusty

Server

 sudo apt-get install --install-recommends linux-generic-lts-trusty 

Check your support status

If you want a tool to determine if your install is still supported please use hwe-support-status as documented on https://wiki.ubuntu.com/1204_HWE_EOL

 hwe-support-status --verbose 

Ubuntu 12.04 LTS Extended Security Maintenance

Following the end-of-life of Ubuntu 12.04 LTS, Canonical is offering Ubuntu 12.04 ESM (Extended Security Maintenance), which provides important security fixes for the kernel and the most essential user space packages in Ubuntu 12.04. All Ubuntu 12.04 LTS users are encouraged to upgrade to Ubuntu 14.04 LTS or Ubuntu 16.04 LTS. But for those who cannot upgrade immediately, Ubuntu 12.04 ESM updates will help ensure the on-going security and integrity of Ubuntu 12.04 systems.

Ubuntu 12.04 LTS initially released with kernel based on version 3.2. The final hardware enablement kernel, when Ubuntu 12.04 LTS reached end of life, was based on kernel version 3.13. Both kernels are included as part of Ubuntu 12.04 ESM.

For more details on this program, please refer to https://wiki.ubuntu.com/SecurityTeam/ESM/12.04

Kernel/LTSEnablementStack (last edited 2023-05-17 17:58:01 by anthonywong)