HowToZeroconf
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| [http://www.zeroconf.org/ Zeroconf] is a collection of tools and protocols to allow networks to configure themselves. It is called Bonjour (formerly Rendezvous) by Apple, and used extensively on Mac OS X. Zeroconf consists of * Name resolution, MDNS * Service Advertising * Address allocation Traditionally most of its work is done by DHCP and DNS. But the decentralised zeroconf method is appropriate is some situations, for example ad-hoc networks. It also requires no configuration (apart from the installation). It works happily along side traditional tools. For example you may have an IP address allocated by DHCP and use DNS to resolve address on the web, but still use the hostname.local from MDNS to resolve the addresses of other computer on the LAN. Note, if you are not doing this on your own network you may want to talk to the Network Admin first. Although zeroconf is a fairly efficient protocol the admin may not want the extra traffic. Also be aware that it is trivially easy to spoof an mdns .local name. == Installation == === Ubuntu 6.06 and 5.10 === Just install the packages {{{avahi-daemon}}} and {{{libnss-mdns}}}. === Ubuntu 5.04 === If you are running Ubuntu 5.04 then you will need to use the {{{libnss-mdns}}} package. Now you need to enable mdns name resolution. This is controlled by the file {{{ /etc/nsswitch.conf }}} Find the line {{{ hosts: files dns }}} and change it to {{{ hosts: files dns mdns4 }}} Make sure you do this on each computer. == MDNS == Now each computer with avahi-daemon (or mdnsresponder) installed will identify its self on the network as {{{ hostname.local }}} for example, my computer flute, identifies itself as {{{ flute.local }}} Now any computer on the network can use hostname.local in place of an ip address. For example you can do {{{ ping flute.local }}} or {{{ ssh flute.local }}} == PowerPC problem on Ubuntu 5.04 == libnss-mdns 0.3 is broken on big-endian systems such as PowerPC ( https://bugzilla.ubuntu.com/show_bug.cgi?id=10912 ). However the problem is fixed with version 0.4. == Firewall configuration == If you are running a firewall and you are having problems like {{{ sam@titania:~$ ping flute.local ping: unknown host flute.local }}} then it is possible that your firewall is blocking the zeroconf communication. If you can turn your firewall off and this fixes the problem, then it is definitely the firewall. http://0pointer.de/lennart/projects/nss-mdns/ advises to "allow UDP traffic to the the mDNS multicast address 224.0.0.251 on port 5353." If you are using [Firestarter] all multicast traffic is blocked. This may be configurable in the next version. The current work around is to edit {{{ /etc/firestarter/firewall }}} You will need to chmod u+x this file to make it writable. Find the section {{{ # Block Multicast Traffic # Some cable/DSL providers require their clients to accept multicast transmissions # you should remove the following four rules if you are affected by multicasting $IPT -A INPUT -s 224.0.0.0/8 -d 0/0 -j DROP $IPT -A INPUT -s 0/0 -d 224.0.0.0/8 -j DROP $IPT -A OUTPUT -s 224.0.0.0/8 -d 0/0 -j DROP $IPT -A OUTPUT -s 0/0 -d 224.0.0.0/8 -j DROP }}} and comment out the 4 lines {{{ # Block Multicast Traffic # Some cable/DSL providers require their clients to accept multicast transmissions # you should remove the following four rules if you are affected by multicasting #$IPT -A INPUT -s 224.0.0.0/8 -d 0/0 -j DROP #$IPT -A INPUT -s 0/0 -d 224.0.0.0/8 -j DROP #$IPT -A OUTPUT -s 224.0.0.0/8 -d 0/0 -j DROP #$IPT -A OUTPUT -s 0/0 -d 224.0.0.0/8 -j DROP }}} Then restart firestarter {{{ sudo /etc/init.d/firestarter restart }}} Now you should be able to resolve .local names. {{{ sam@titania:~$ ping flute.local PING flute.local (192.168.1.101) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from flute.local (192.168.1.101): icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=4.45 ms 64 bytes from flute.local (192.168.1.101): icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=4.16 ms }}} == Resources == * [http://www.zeroconf.org/ Zeroconf] * [http://developer.apple.com/networking/bonjour/index.html Bonjour] * [http://0pointer.de/lennart/projects/nss-mdns/ libnss-mdns] * [http://www.freedesktop.org/Software_2fAvahi Avahi mdns responder] * [http://www.porchdogsoft.com/products/howl/ Howl mdns responder] CategoryDocumentation CategoryCleanup |
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HowToZeroconf (last edited 2008-08-06 16:36:59 by localhost)