Ubuntu Wiki

This document describes how to install debug packages on Ubuntu, which will aid in providing information for bugs.

Hardy 8.04 and Newer

Use this section only if you are using Ubuntu Hardy 8.04 or more recent versions. How to determine your version. See the following section if you are using a prior version.

First, check if there is a package with a -dbg suffix in the main Ubuntu repositories. (TODO: Please edit this wiki here to describe how to do this. Note that you can find currently-installed packages suffixed -dbg with, e.g.,

• aptitude search '~i -dbg'

but that may not be what is wanted.) These are the debug symbol packages, and are equivalent to '-dbgsym' described below. You can safely use either one, but not both at once.

If not:

1. Create an /etc/apt/sources.list.d/ddebs.list by running the following line at a terminal:

   echo "deb http://ddebs.ubuntu.com $(lsb_release -cs) main restricted universe multiverse" |
   sudo tee -a /etc/apt/sources.list.d/ddebs.list

2. Stable releases (not alphas and betas) require three more lines adding to the same file, which is done by the following terminal command:

   echo "deb http://ddebs.ubuntu.com $(lsb_release -cs)-updates main restricted universe multiverse 
   deb http://ddebs.ubuntu.com $(lsb_release -cs)-security main restricted universe multiverse 
   deb http://ddebs.ubuntu.com $(lsb_release -cs)-proposed main restricted universe multiverse" |
   sudo tee -a /etc/apt/sources.list.d/ddebs.list

   You may also add these lines using the Synaptic Package Manager:

   • Choose Synaptic via the System > Administration menu.

   • Choose Software Sources or Repositories via the Settings menu, and click on the Third-Party Software tab.

   • Click the Add button and enter each deb ... line as above one by one and click the Add Source button (you will have to add these lines one at a time).

3. Import the debug symbol archive signing key:

   sudo apt-key adv --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com --recv-keys 428D7C01

4. Then run

   sudo apt-get update

   to update your package list or click the Reload button if you used the Synaptic Package Manager.

5. The debug symbol packages have the '-dbgsym' suffix attached, so to install the debug symbols for the package 'yelp', you first run:

   apt-cache policy yelp

   This will show you the version number currently installed (we'll use 2.22.1-0ubuntu2.8.04.1 in this example).

   NOTE: 'yelp' [which is the package name of "Help and Support" located under the 'System' menu] is just an example and not a part of the command: 'yelp' is only used to demonstrate the procedure. You must replace 'yelp' with the name of the package you want to debug.

6. Install the debug symbols:

   sudo apt-get install yelp-dbgsym=2.22.1-0ubuntu2.8.04.1

You can also use the Synaptic Package Manager to search for 'yelp-dbgsym' and install it from there.

The above procedure will install the debug symbol package for yelp only. Chances are that yelp uses shared libraries in other packages and debug symbols for them might be required in order to obtain a readable stack trace. You can download the list-dbgsym-packages-v2.sh shell script and run it (after a chmod a+x list-symbols-packages-v2.sh) this way:

we updated list-dbgsym-packages-v2.sh to list-symbols-packages-v2.sh. This is the first change to make it compatible with newer GDB (which does not, by default, load all libraries at start anymore). -v2 is currently only working if you run it against a currently-executing binary (i.e., with '-p $(pidof <whatever>').

• bash list-symbols-packages-v2.sh yelp

in order to obtain a more complete list of symbol packages to install. The script may also attach to a running process and in this case it gives an even more complete list of symbol packages to install, and this is recommended if the problem you are having does not prevent you from running the program. You can usually get the process ID of a running process using <code>pidof</code>, so while you have yelp running you might run:

• bash list-symbols-packages-v2.sh -p $(pidof -s yelp)

to get a list of packages that should be installed for best debug information. If the running process is a server (daemon), you might have to run 'list-symbols-packages.sh' with sudo.

1. Now you make a Backtrace.

2. You can also run Valgrind, if the program crashes with a "Segmentation fault" or "Bus error".

3. Optionally, you may be asked to produce an Strace.

4. You can also provide this file : ~/.xsession-errors

How do we remove all this stuff after getting the trace and get back to a normal system?

You can remove all debug symbol packages and the ddebs repositories with the following commands:

• sudo apt-get remove \.*-dbgsym
  sudo rm /etc/apt/sources.list.d/ddebs.list
  sudo apt-get update

References

• Announcement: https://lists.ubuntu.com/archives/ubuntu-devel-announce/2006-September/000195.html

Prior Ubuntu versions

Use this section if you are using an Ubuntu version prior to Gutsy 7.10.

1. Check if the package has a debugging version available. In general, debugging packages will be named with a -dbg suffix

2. If not, you can generally* build one this way:

Something to keep in mind: if you would like to create a build you're going to need to have the relevant deb-src lines in your /etc/apt/sources.list

1. Install the development scripts:

   sudo apt-get install devscripts fakeroot

2. Find out to which package your program belongs to:

   dpkg --search <program> 

3. Install the build-time dependencies for the package:

   sudo apt-get build-dep <package>

4. Build .debs for debugging:

   export DEB_BUILD_OPTIONS="debug nostrip noopt"
   fakeroot apt-get source -b <package>

5. Install the needed .debs (they will be in the current working directory if the build succeeded):

   sudo debi <package>*.changes

* Most packages support the build of debugging version in this way. If this process doesn't work for a package, please open a bug against it.

The Xorg server

The X server will by default trap its own crashes and dump a stack trace in /var/log/Xorg.0.log. However, this stack trace is modified by the signal handler itself. To get a "normal" crash, which will trigger a core dump (and apport reporting), add this to your /etc/X11/xorg.conf:

Section "ServerFlags"
        Option "NoTrapSignals" "true"
EndSection

Please see DebuggingXorg for how to debug Xorg server crashes.

Info for the BugSquad

If you're trying to apport-retrace a crash report from a bug that didn't happen on the same Ubuntu release as the one you're running, do the following:

Say that you're running Gutsy and the crash happened on Feisty:

1. This will create a minimal feisty system.

   sudo mkdir -p /chroots/feisty
   sudo debootstrap feisty /chroots/feisty/

2. Now you change into this minimal feisty system.

   sudo chroot /chroots/feisty

3. edit /etc/apt/sources/list and all the repositories you need, especially Martin's ddeb repository.

4. apt-get update; apt-get install gdb apport

5. use apport-retrace as you're used to.

For more information on dealing with bug reports Apport see Bugs/ApportRetraces.

CategoryBugSquad CategoryDebugging